02056nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245015000054210006900204260001600273520114000289653002001429653002801449653002001477653001501497653002801512653002501540100002301565700002201588700002201610700002701632700002301659700002101682700002101703856006601724 2016 eng d a1055790300aSpecies delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus of African weakly-electric fishes (Osteoglossiformes, Mormyridae, Campylomormyrus)0 aSpecies delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus o cJan-04-20163 a

African weakly-electric fishes (Mormyridae) are able to communicate through species-specific electric signals; this feature might have favoured the evolutionary radiation observed in this family (over 200 species) by acting as an effective pre-zygotic isolation mechanism. In the present study we used mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear (rps7, scn4aa) markers in order to reconstruct a species-phylogeny and identify species boundaries for the genus Campylomormyrus, by applying inference methods based on the multispecies coalescent model. Additionally, we employed 16 microsatellite markers, landmark-based morphometric measurements, and electro-physiological analyses as independent lines of evidence to the results obtained from the sequence data. The results show that groups that are morphologically different are also significantly divergent at the genetic level, whereas morphologically similar groups, displaying dissimilar electric signals, do not show enough genetic diversity to be considered separate species. Furthermore, the data confirm the presence of a yet undescribed species within the genus Campylomormyrus.

10aCampylomormyrus10aGeometric morphometrics10aMicrosatellites10aMormyridae10aMultispecies-coalescent10aSpecies-delimitation1 aLamanna, Francesco1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aErnst, Anja, R.R.1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aPaul, Christiane1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105579031630078103057nas a2200169 4500008004100000245015700041210006900198260001600267490000700283520243400290100002302724700002202747700002202769700002502791700002102816856005002837 2015 eng d00aCross-tissue and cross-species analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle and electric organ of African weakly-electric fish (Teleostei; Mormyridae)0 aCrosstissue and crossspecies analysis of gene expression in skel cJan-12-20150 v163 a

Background: African weakly-electric fishes of the family Mormyridae are able to produce and perceive weak electric signals (typically less than one volt in amplitude) owing to the presence of a specialized, muscle-derived electric organ (EO) in their tail region. Such electric signals, also known as Electric Organ Discharges (EODs), are used for objects/prey localization, for the identification of conspecifics, and in social and reproductive behaviour. This feature might have promoted the adaptive radiation of this family by acting as an effective pre-zygotic isolation mechanism. Despite the physiological and evolutionary importance of this trait, the investigation of the genetic basis of its function and modification has so far remained limited. In this study, we aim at: i) identifying constitutive differences in terms of gene expression between electric organ and skeletal muscle (SM) in two mormyrid species of the genus Campylomormyrus: C. compressirostris and C. tshokwe, and ii) exploring cross-specific patterns of gene expression within the two tissues among C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe, and the outgroup species Gnathonemus petersii.
Results: Twelve paired-end (100 bp) strand-specific RNA-seq Illumina libraries were sequenced, producing circa 330 M quality-filtered short read pairs. The obtained reads were assembled de novo into four reference transcriptomes. In silico cross-tissue DE-analysis allowed us to identify 271 shared differentially expressed genes between EO and SM in C. compressirostris and C.tshokwe. Many of these genes correspond to myogenic factors, ion channels and pumps, and genes involved in several metabolic pathways. Cross-species analysis has revealed that the electric organ transcriptome is more variable in terms of gene expression levels across species than the skeletal muscle transcriptome.
Conclusions: The data obtained indicate that: i) the loss of contractile activity and the decoupling of the excitation-contraction processes are reflected by the down-regulation of the corresponding genes in the electric organ’s transcriptome; ii) the metabolic activity of the EO might be specialized towards the production and turn-over of membrane structures; iii) several ion channels are highly expressed in the EO in order to increase excitability; iv) several myogenic factors might be down-regulated by transcription repressors in the EO.

1 aLamanna, Francesco1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aWaurick, Isabelle1 aDieterich, Christoph1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/16/66800462nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001200210300001400222490000800236100001800244700001800262856004800280 1976 eng d00aAn ecological and systematics survey of fishes in the rapids of the Lower Zaïre or Congo River0 aecological and systematics survey of fishes in the rapids of the c02/1976 a239–3170 v1471 aRoberts, T.R.1 aStewart, D.J. uhttp://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/427644300413nam a2200121 4500008004100000245005800041210005600099260005500155300000800210653001100218100001300229856004900242 1967 eng d00aContribution à la Faune Ichthyologique de l’Angola0 aContribution à la Faune Ichthyologique de l Angola aLisbonbCompanhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG) a38110aAngola1 aPoll, M. uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/10400515nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012400041210007000165260001200235300002400247490000700271100001300278700001700291700001300308856004800321 1982 eng d00aLe genre Campylomormyrus Bleeker, 1874, étude systematique et description d’une espece nouvelle (Pisces, Mormyridae)0 aLe genre Campylomormyrus Bleeker 1874 étude systematique et desc c08/1982 a1–34, Pls. 1–130 v541 aPoll, M.1 aGosse, J.-P.1 aOrts, S. uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/8800456nam a2200121 4500008004100000022002300041245005600064210004900120260004200169490000900211100001500220856009900235 2000 eng d aHyb: 3-540-14811-600aThe Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM)0 aMormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha CDROM aNew YorkbSpringer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO0 v20001 aHarder, W. uhttps://www.amazon.com/Mormyridae-Osteoglossomorpha-Biodiversity-Database-CD-ROM/dp/354014811601554nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001400281490000700295520090000302100002701202700002201229700002301251700001701274700002101291856004801312 2007 eng d a1420-910100aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish (Teleostei: Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus): a combined molecular and morphological approach0 aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish Teleostei Mor c01/2007 a403 - 4140 v203 a

We combined multiple molecular markers and geometric morphometrics to revise the current taxonomy and to build a phylogenetic hypothesis for the African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus. Genetic data (2039 bp DNA sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear S7 genes) on 106 specimens support the existence of at least six species occurring in sympatry. We were able to further confirm these species by microsatellite analysis at 16 unlinked nuclear loci and landmark-based morphometrics. We assigned them to nominal taxa by comparisons to type specimens of all Campylomormyrus species recognized so far. Additionally, we showed that the shape of the elongated trunk-like snout is the major source of morphological differentiation among them. This finding suggests that the radiation of this speciose genus might have been driven by adaptation to different food sources.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aKetmaier, V.1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/3401775nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245015100054210006900205260001100274300001400285490000800299520118000307100002701487700002201514700002101536856004801557 2008 eng d a0928425700aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River: An ecological speciation scenario for African weakly electric fish (Teleostei; Mormyridae; Campylomormyrus)0 aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River An ecological speciation s c7/2008 a340 - 3460 v1023 a

he ultimate aim of this study is to better understand the diversification of African weakly electric fish in the Congo River. Based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis we examined the radiation within the mor- myrid genus Campylomormyrus. Morphological traits relevant for the divergence between the identified species were detected. Among them, the variation in the shape of the trunk-like elongated snout sug- gested the presence of different trophic specializations. Furthermore, the chosen model taxon, the genus Campylomormyrus, exhibits a wide diversity of electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms. A comparison of EOD waveform types and phylogenetic relationships showed major differences in EOD between closely related species. This indicates that the EOD might function as a reproductive isolation mechanism. In con- clusion, we provide a plausible scenario of an adaptive radiation triggered by sexual selection and assor- tative mating based on EOD characteristics, but caused by a divergent selection on the feeding apparatus. These findings point towards an adaptive radiation of at least some Campylomormyrus species occurring in the Lower Congo River.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/3201370nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001400225490005000239520073700289100002701026700001401053700001801067700002201085700002101107856004801128 2009 eng d a0179-161300aElectrifying love: electric fish use species-specific discharge for mate recognition0 aElectrifying love electric fish use speciesspecific discharge fo c04/2009 a225 - 2280 v5209274193920411429159963514514555870202201913 a

A unique evolutionary specialization of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) is their ability to produce and perceive electric signals. Mormyrids use their electric organs discharge (EOD) for electrolocation and electrocommunication. Here we discuss the adaptive significance of the EOD in foraging (electric prey detec- tion) in light of recent results demonstrating that mormyrid fish mate assortatively according to EOD waveform characteristics (electric mate choice). Therefore the EOD as a single trait pleio- tropically combines natural divergent selection and reproductive isolation. Consequently we postulate the EOD as a “magic trait” promoting the diversification of African weakly electric fish.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aPlath, M.1 aEngelmann, J.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/28