Boulenger, G. A. A revision of the genera and species of fishes of the family Mormyridae. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1898, 775-821 (1899).

Boulenger, G. A. Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) I, 29-145 (British Museum (Natural History), 1909).

David, L. & Poll, M. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du Congo Belge: Collections du Dr. H. Schouteden (1924-1926) et d?autres récolteurs. Annales du Musée du Congo Belge (Série 1 3 (fasc. 5), 189?294 (1937).

Roberts, T. R. & Stewart, D. J. An ecological and systematics survey of fishes in the rapids of the Lower Zaïre or Congo River. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 147, 239?317 (1976).

Poll, M. Les Poissons du Stanley-Pool. Annales du Musée du Congo belge. C.?Zoologie Série I. 4, 1-60 (1939).

Poll, M. Contribution à la Faune Ichthyologique de l?Angola. Publicações Culturais 381 (Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), 1967).

Banister, K. E. & Bailey, R. G. Fishes collected by the Zaïre River Expedition, 1974-75. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 66, (1979).

Bigorne, R. Faune des poissons d?eaux douces et saumâtres de l?Afrique de l?Ouest = The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa (Lévêque, C., Paugy, D. & Teugels, G. G.) 122-184 (ORSTOM, MRAC, 1990). at <http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Fau_trop/34060.pdf>

Bigorne, R. Faune des poissons d?eaux douces et saumâtres de l?Afrique de l?Ouest 1, 154-222 (IRD/MNHN/MRAC, 2003).

Harder, W. The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM). World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series 2000, (Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO, 2000).