Swainson, W. On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. i-vi + 1-368 (A. Spottiswoode, 1838). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62140

Boulenger, G. A. The fishes of the Nile. Zoology of Egypt (Pub. for the Egyptian government by H. Rees, ltd., 1907). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51710

Harder, W. The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM). World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series 2000, (Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO, 2000).