01976nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247520138800263100001601651700001901667700002101686700002201707700002101729856005601750 2020 eng d a0269-765300aMorphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences0 aMorphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish ge cApr-04-20213 a

Under an ecological speciation scenario, the radiation of African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) is caused by an adaptation to different food sources, associated with diversification of the electric organ discharge (EOD). This study experimentally investigates a phenotype–environment correlation to further support this scenario. Our behavioural experiments showed that three sympatric Campylomormyrus species with significantly divergent snout morphology differentially react to variation in substrate structure. While the short snout species (C. tamandua) exhibits preference to sandy substrate, the long snout species (C. rhynchophorus) significantly prefers a stone substrate for feeding. A third species with intermediate snout size (C. compressirostris) does not exhibit any substrate preference. This preference is matched with the observation that long-snouted specimens probe deeper into the stone substrate, presumably enabling them to reach prey more distant to the substrate surface. These findings suggest that the diverse feeding apparatus in the genus Campylomormyrus may have evolved in adaptation to specific microhabitats, i.e., substrate structures where these fish forage. Whether the parallel divergence in EOD is functionally related to this adaptation or solely serves as a prezygotic isolation mechanism remains to be elucidated.

1 aAmen, Rahma1 aNagel, Rebecca1 aHedt, Maximilian1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10682-020-10043-302056nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245015000054210006900204260001600273520114000289653002001429653002801449653002001477653001501497653002801512653002501540100002301565700002201588700002201610700002701632700002301659700002101682700002101703856006601724 2016 eng d a1055790300aSpecies delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus of African weakly-electric fishes (Osteoglossiformes, Mormyridae, Campylomormyrus)0 aSpecies delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus o cJan-04-20163 a

African weakly-electric fishes (Mormyridae) are able to communicate through species-specific electric signals; this feature might have favoured the evolutionary radiation observed in this family (over 200 species) by acting as an effective pre-zygotic isolation mechanism. In the present study we used mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear (rps7, scn4aa) markers in order to reconstruct a species-phylogeny and identify species boundaries for the genus Campylomormyrus, by applying inference methods based on the multispecies coalescent model. Additionally, we employed 16 microsatellite markers, landmark-based morphometric measurements, and electro-physiological analyses as independent lines of evidence to the results obtained from the sequence data. The results show that groups that are morphologically different are also significantly divergent at the genetic level, whereas morphologically similar groups, displaying dissimilar electric signals, do not show enough genetic diversity to be considered separate species. Furthermore, the data confirm the presence of a yet undescribed species within the genus Campylomormyrus.

10aCampylomormyrus10aGeometric morphometrics10aMicrosatellites10aMormyridae10aMultispecies-coalescent10aSpecies-delimitation1 aLamanna, Francesco1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aErnst, Anja, R.R.1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aPaul, Christiane1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105579031630078100515nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012400041210007000165260001200235300002400247490000700271100001300278700001700291700001300308856004800321 1982 eng d00aLe genre Campylomormyrus Bleeker, 1874, étude systematique et description d’une espece nouvelle (Pisces, Mormyridae)0 aLe genre Campylomormyrus Bleeker 1874 étude systematique et desc c08/1982 a1–34, Pls. 1–130 v541 aPoll, M.1 aGosse, J.-P.1 aOrts, S. uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/8801554nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001400281490000700295520090000302100002701202700002201229700002301251700001701274700002101291856004801312 2007 eng d a1420-910100aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish (Teleostei: Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus): a combined molecular and morphological approach0 aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish Teleostei Mor c01/2007 a403 - 4140 v203 a

We combined multiple molecular markers and geometric morphometrics to revise the current taxonomy and to build a phylogenetic hypothesis for the African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus. Genetic data (2039 bp DNA sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear S7 genes) on 106 specimens support the existence of at least six species occurring in sympatry. We were able to further confirm these species by microsatellite analysis at 16 unlinked nuclear loci and landmark-based morphometrics. We assigned them to nominal taxa by comparisons to type specimens of all Campylomormyrus species recognized so far. Additionally, we showed that the shape of the elongated trunk-like snout is the major source of morphological differentiation among them. This finding suggests that the radiation of this speciose genus might have been driven by adaptation to different food sources.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aKetmaier, V.1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/3401775nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245015100054210006900205260001100274300001400285490000800299520118000307100002701487700002201514700002101536856004801557 2008 eng d a0928425700aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River: An ecological speciation scenario for African weakly electric fish (Teleostei; Mormyridae; Campylomormyrus)0 aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River An ecological speciation s c7/2008 a340 - 3460 v1023 a

he ultimate aim of this study is to better understand the diversification of African weakly electric fish in the Congo River. Based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis we examined the radiation within the mor- myrid genus Campylomormyrus. Morphological traits relevant for the divergence between the identified species were detected. Among them, the variation in the shape of the trunk-like elongated snout sug- gested the presence of different trophic specializations. Furthermore, the chosen model taxon, the genus Campylomormyrus, exhibits a wide diversity of electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms. A comparison of EOD waveform types and phylogenetic relationships showed major differences in EOD between closely related species. This indicates that the EOD might function as a reproductive isolation mechanism. In con- clusion, we provide a plausible scenario of an adaptive radiation triggered by sexual selection and assor- tative mating based on EOD characteristics, but caused by a divergent selection on the feeding apparatus. These findings point towards an adaptive radiation of at least some Campylomormyrus species occurring in the Lower Congo River.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/3201370nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001400225490005000239520073700289100002701026700001401053700001801067700002201085700002101107856004801128 2009 eng d a0179-161300aElectrifying love: electric fish use species-specific discharge for mate recognition0 aElectrifying love electric fish use speciesspecific discharge fo c04/2009 a225 - 2280 v5209274193920411429159963514514555870202201913 a

A unique evolutionary specialization of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) is their ability to produce and perceive electric signals. Mormyrids use their electric organs discharge (EOD) for electrolocation and electrocommunication. Here we discuss the adaptive significance of the EOD in foraging (electric prey detec- tion) in light of recent results demonstrating that mormyrid fish mate assortatively according to EOD waveform characteristics (electric mate choice). Therefore the EOD as a single trait pleio- tropically combines natural divergent selection and reproductive isolation. Consequently we postulate the EOD as a “magic trait” promoting the diversification of African weakly electric fish.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aPlath, M.1 aEngelmann, J.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.myspecies.info/en/node/28