Peterson, R., Sullivan, J. & Pirro, S. The Complete Genome Sequences of 38 Species of Elephantfishes (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes). (2022). doi:10.56179/001c.56077

Boulenger, G. A. The fishes of the Nile. Zoology of Egypt (Pub. for the Egyptian government by H. Rees, ltd., 1907). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51710

Boulenger, G. A. A revision of the genera and species of fishes of the family Mormyridae. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1898, 775-821 (1899).

Boulenger, G. A. Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) I, 29-145 (British Museum (Natural History), 1909).

Reizer, C., Mattei, X. & Chevalier, J. L. Contribution a l?étude de la faune ichthyologique du bassin du fleuve Sénégal. III. Mormyridae. Bulletin de l?Institut Français d?Afrique Noir 35, 665-704 (1973).

Bigorne, R. Faune des poissons d?eaux douces et saumâtres de l?Afrique de l?Ouest = The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa (Lévêque, C., Paugy, D. & Teugels, G. G.) 122-184 (ORSTOM, MRAC, 1990). at <http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Fau_trop/34060.pdf>

Bigorne, R. Faune des poissons d?eaux douces et saumâtres de l?Afrique de l?Ouest 1, 154-222 (IRD/MNHN/MRAC, 2003).