02364nas a2200145   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260001600257300001200273490000800285520184500293100002302138856005702161       2016                        eng d  a0022-094900aDifferences in electrosensory anatomy and social behavior in an area of sympatry between two species of mormyrid electric fishes0 aDifferences in electrosensory anatomy and social behavior in an   cApr-11-2016  a31 - 430 v2193 a<p>Sensory systems play a key role in social behavior by mediating the detection and analysis of communication signals. In mormyrid fishes, electric signals are processed within a dedicated sensory pathway, providing a unique opportunity to relate sensory biology to social behavior. Evolutionary changes within this pathway led to new perceptual abilities that have been linked to increased rates of signal evolution and species diversification in a lineage called &lsquo;clade A&rsquo;. Previous field observations suggest that clade-A species tend to be solitary and territorial, whereas non-clade-A species tend to be clustered in high densities suggestive of schooling or shoaling. To explore behavioral differences between species in these lineages in greater detail, I studied population densities, social interactions, and electric signaling in two mormyrid species, Gnathonemus victoriae (clade A) and Petrocephalus degeni (non-clade A), from Lwamunda Swamp, Uganda. Petrocephalus degeni was found at higher population densities, but intraspecific diversity in electric signal waveform was greater in G. victoriae. In the laboratory, G. victoriae exhibited strong shelter-seeking behavior and competition for shelter, whereas P. degeni were more likely to abandon shelter in the presence of conspecifics as well as electric mimics of signaling conspecifics. In other words, P. degeni exhibited social affiliation whereas G. victoriae exhibited social competition. Further, P. degeni showed correlated electric signaling behavior whereas G. victoriae showed anti-correlated signaling behavior. These findings extend previous reports of social spacing, territoriality, and habitat preference among mormyrid species, suggesting that evolutionary divergence in electrosensory processing relates to differences in social behavior.</p>
1 aCarlson, Bruce, A.  uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.12772000344nam a2200097   4500008004100000245002700041210002300068260006200091100002600153856006700179       1907                        eng d00aThe fishes of the Nile0 afishes of the Nile  aLondonbPub. for the Egyptian government by H. Rees, ltd.1 aBoulenger, George, A.  uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110263#page/1/mode/1up02001nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001900041245025000060210006900310260001200379300001600391490000700407520111200414653002601526653003001552653002301582653001801605653001601623100001801639700001701657700001601674700001801690856005101708       2012                        eng d  aISSN 0022-293300aA critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species0 acritical revision of the churchill snoutfish genus Petrocephalus  c09/2012  a2179–22580 v463 a<p>We morphologically and genetically studied the southern African electric fish Petrocephalus catostoma, or churchill, and its six nominal species, five of which by synonymization (three valid subspecies). We reinstate the synonymized species, and recognize Petrocephalus tanensis (Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959) from the Tana River in Kenya, also using electric organ discharges. The Okavango delta (Botswana) is inhabited by Petrocephalus okavangensis sp. nov. and Petrocephalus magnitrunci sp. nov., and the Namibian Cunene River by Petrocephalus magnoculis sp. nov. We recognize Petrocephalus petersi sp. nov. for the Lower Zambezi River (Mozambique), and Petrocephalus longicapitis sp. nov. for the Upper Zambezi River (Namibia). The Lufubu River in Northern Zambia is inhabited by Petrocephalus longianalis sp. nov. For the southern churchill, Petrocephalus wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, we confirm intraspecific and interspecific differentia- tion. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA confirm differentiation of two new western and two eastern species, forming mutual sister groups.</p>
10aallopatric speciation10aelectric organ discharges10amolecular genetics10amorphometrics10aSystematics1 aKramer, Bernd1 aBills, Roger1 aSkelton, P.1 aWink, Michael  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452